
Thick-cut ham (ham steak)Easy to find
Same weight, cubed or sliced
Less salty and less fatty — add a pinch of salt at the end if needed.
▼ salty▼ rich

Ingredient guide
Canned cooked pork, sold in Korea under brand names such as Spam, Tulip and generic "luncheon meat". Since the postwar years it has been a staple of budae-jjigae (army stew), gimbap and fried rice. It is salty and rich, so it is usually sliced thin and pan-fried or simmered.
Salty, savory and a little sweet.
Any canned ham works: Spam, Tulip, or a store-brand luncheon meat. Many brands offer lower-sodium versions. It contains pork, so see the swaps if that does not suit you.
Keeps in the pantry until opened. Refrigerate leftovers and use within a few days.
Works in any country — look for these names, in these kinds of shops.
Honest swaps, with amounts per unit of the original and how the dish will change.

Same weight, cubed or sliced
Less salty and less fatty — add a pinch of salt at the end if needed.
▼ salty▼ rich

Same weight, sliced
Smokier and meatier.
▲ smoky

대파
Fresh and mildly sweet with a gentle onion bite that mellows when cooked.

고추장
Spicy-sweet and savory with a fermented depth; the heat varies by brand.

배추김치
Sour, salty, spicy and savory. It gets tangier the longer it ferments.

고사리
Earthy and subtle, with a chewy texture.